Bihar has set a precedent by becoming the first state in India to test mobile-based e-voting in municipal by-elections across four districts—Buxar, Patna, Rohtas, and East Champaran. The initiative, implemented in collaboration with the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) and the Bihar State Election Commission, marked a significant shift towards remote digital electoral participation.
Approximately 50,000 registered voters were eligible to cast their votes remotely through the specially designed Android application, e-SECBHR. The app was developed as a secure and accessible platform to enable specific voter groups to participate in the democratic process without visiting polling booths in person.
Remote Voting for Special Categories
The e-voting system targeted individuals facing challenges in traditional voting methods. It was made accessible to senior citizens, pregnant women, people with disabilities, migrant workers, and individuals suffering from severe illnesses. The eligibility criteria aimed to reduce physical and logistical barriers, thereby enhancing inclusive participation in the election process.
To participate, voters were required to register between June 10 and June 22, either through the mobile app or the official election website. Each mobile number could support access for up to two voters, and web-based voting was also facilitated for individuals lacking smartphones, ensuring no group was technologically excluded.
Security and Transparency Mechanisms
The remote voting system was fortified with multiple layers of security and authentication. It incorporated blockchain technology for secure and tamper-proof vote recording, and used facial recognition to verify voter identity. Additionally, voter ID verification protocols were enforced to prevent impersonation. To reinforce transparency, a system similar to the Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) was integrated, providing an auditable trail of each vote cast.
Voting was permitted from 7 AM to 1 PM on polling day, and counting of the votes was scheduled for June 30. The limited voting window was intended to streamline backend processes and support system monitoring.
A Potential Blueprint for Future Elections
The success of this municipal-level pilot has triggered widespread interest across the political and technological landscape. India now joins a small group of nations—including Estonia—that have ventured into remote voting initiatives at a governmental level. Although the Bihar trial was confined to local body elections, observers have speculated on its potential deployment in the state’s forthcoming assembly elections slated for October–November 2025.
The pilot has been perceived as a pioneering step in advancing electoral reform through digital innovation. Electoral analysts and governance experts believe that if proven scalable and secure, such systems could redefine how voters participate, particularly those facing barriers to traditional in-person voting.
This move by Bihar reflects a growing appetite for digitization in governance, particularly in enhancing civic engagement. While the state has taken a cautious yet progressive leap, the broader adoption of mobile-based e-voting would depend on detailed evaluation of the pilot’s outcome, scalability challenges, voter feedback, and cyber risk mitigation strategies.
As the results of this trial are assessed, the nation awaits insight into whether mobile e-voting will emerge as a complementary tool to traditional voting, or evolve into a mainstream mechanism for electoral participation in the years to come.